• Federated learning, ethics, and the double black box problem in medical AI (with Anders Søgaard, Angela Ballantyne, and Ruben Pauwels). arXiv preprint 2504.20656 (2025). Read

    A moving target in AI-assisted decision-making: Model updating, dataset shift, and the problem of update opacity. Ethics and Information Technology (2025). Read

    • I discuss this paper on the podcast Death by Algorithm. Listen

    Should the use of adaptive machine learning systems be classified as research? (with Robert Sparrow, Justin Oakley, and Chris Bain). The American Journal of Bioethics (2024). Read

    Diachronic and synchronic variation in the performance of adaptive machine learning AI systems: The ethical challenges. (with Robert Sparrow). Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (2023). Read

  • A defence of post-hoc explanations in medical AI (with Lauritz Aastrup Munch and Jens Christian Bjerring). Hastings Center Report (2025). Read

    The virtues of interpretable medical AI (with Robert Sparrow and Mark Howard). Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics (2024). Read

    Will artificial intelligence replace clinical decision-making within our lifetimes? (with Anne Kinderlerer, Jens Christian Bjerring, Lauritz Munch, and Lynsey Threlfall). Future Healthcare Journal (2024). Read

    The promise and perils of AI in medicine (with Robert Sparrow). International Journal of Chinese and Comparative Philosophy of Medicine (2019). Read

  • Are clinicians ethically obligated to disclose their use of medical machine learning systems to patients? Journal of Medical Ethics (2024). Read

    • I discuss this paper on the podcast Kunstig Etik . Listen

    Data over dialogue: Why artificial intelligence is unlikely to humanise medicine. Monash University, PhD dissertation (2024). Read

    Limits of trust in medical AI. Journal of Medical Ethics (2020). Read

    High hopes for ‘Deep Medicine?’ AI, economics, and the future of care (with Robert Sparrow). Hastings Center Report (2020). Read

  • Generative AI entails a credit-blame asymmetry (with Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D. Earp, Sven Nyholm, John Danaher, Nikolaj Møller, Hilary Bowman-Smart, Julian Koplin, Monika Plozza, Daniel Rodger, Peter V. Treit, Gregory Renard, John McMillan, and Julian Savulescu). Nature Machine Intelligence (2023). Read

    Tailoring university assessment in the age of ChatGPT (with Julian Koplin, Robert Sparrow, Nicola Rivers, and Iwan Williams). Monash Lens (2023). Read

    It has become possible to use cutting-edge AI language models to generate convincing high school and undergraduate essays. Here’s why that matters (with Julian Koplin). Practical Ethics in the News (2022). Read

  • Medically assisted dying for the psychiatrically ill: Reply to Buturovic. Journal of Medical Ethics (2021). Read

    Is the exclusion of psychiatric patients from access to physician-assisted suicide discriminatory? Journal of Medical Ethics (2019). Read