Are clinicians ethically obligated to disclose their use of medical machine learning systems to patients? Journal of Medical Ethics (2025) [pdf]

Will artificial intelligence replace clinical decision-making within our lifetimes? (with Anne Kinderlerer, Jens Christian Bjerring, Lauritz Munch, and Lynsey Threlfall). Future Healthcare Journal (2024) [pdf]

Data over dialogue: Why artificial intelligence is unlikely to humanise medicine. Monash University, PhD dissertation (2024) [pdf]

Limits of trust in medical AI. Journal of Medical Ethics (2020) [pdf]

High hopes for ‘Deep Medicine?’ AI, economics, and the future of care (with Robert Sparrow). Hastings Center Report (2020) [pdf]

The promise and perils of AI in medicine (with Robert Sparrow). International Journal of Chinese and Comparative Philosophy of Medicine (2019) [pdf]

Federation opacity and the promise of federated learning (with Anders Søgaard, Angela Ballantyne, and Ruben Pauwels). American Journal of Bioethics (2026) [pdf]

Continuous learning as a threat to care (with Robert Sparrow, Zachary Daus, Mark Howard, and Patrick Kwan). Health and Technology (2025) [pdf]

Should the use of adaptive machine learning systems be classified as research? (with Robert Sparrow, Justin Oakley, and Chris Bain). The American Journal of Bioethics (2024) [pdf]

Diachronic and synchronic variation in the performance of adaptive machine learning AI systems: The ethical challenges (with Robert Sparrow). Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (2023) [pdf]

Artificial artists and their intentions (with Iwan Williams, Nina Rajcic, Constanza Fierro, Filippos Stamatiou, and Anders Søgaard) [pdf]

Postmortem avatars in grief therapy: Prospects, ethics, and governance. arXiv pre-print (2026) [pdf]

Generative AI entails a credit-blame asymmetry (with Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D. Earp, Sven Nyholm, John Danaher, Nikolaj Møller, Hilary Bowman-Smart, Julian Koplin, Monika Plozza, Daniel Rodger, Peter V. Treit, Gregory Renard, John McMillan, and Julian Savulescu). Nature Machine Intelligence (2023) [doi]

Tailoring university assessment in the age of ChatGPT (with Julian Koplin, Robert Sparrow, Nicola Rivers, and Iwan Williams). Monash Lens (2023) [html]

It has become possible to use cutting-edge AI language models to generate convincing high school and undergraduate essays. Here’s why that matters (with Julian Koplin). Practical Ethics in the News (2022) [html]

Update opacity: Epistemic accessibility and governance under AI system change (with Andrea Ferrario). arXiv preprint (2026) [pdf]

In defense of post-hoc explanations in medical AI (with Lauritz Aastrup Munch and Jens Christian Bjerring). Hastings Center Report (2026) [pdf]

Mechanistic interpretability needs philosophy (with Iwan Williams, Ninell Oldenburg, Ruchira Dhar, Constanza Fierro, Nina Rajcic, Sandrine R. Schiller, Filippos Stamatiou, and Anders Søgaard). arXiv pre-print (2025) [pdf]

A moving target in AI-assisted decision-making: Model updating, dataset shift, and the problem of update opacity. Ethics and Information Technology (2025) [pdf]

The virtues of interpretable medical AI (with Robert Sparrow and Mark Howard). Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics (2024) [pdf]

Medically assisted dying for the psychiatrically ill: Reply to Buturovic. Journal of Medical Ethics (2021) [pdf]

Is the exclusion of psychiatric patients from access to physician-assisted suicide discriminatory? Journal of Medical Ethics (2019) [pdf]